Syntor X Revival
Features:
Syntor X Transceiver with PIEXX SynControl Installed
The Motorola Syntor X is the mid 1980s upgrade to the earlier Syntor transceiver. The Syntor X added the capability of broad bandwidth receive; channel spacing of greater than 20 mHz on the VHF high band is possible. This allows the Syntor X to operate effectively as both a Ham radio transceiver and general purpose scanner. The Syntor X design was a winner with Motorola’s customers and many, many units were sold. Two decades later, the state of the art in 2-way radio communications has made great progress in the area of control electronics, specifically with the use of microprocessors in their design. Current generations of transceivers employ channel programming via computer / micro-controller software; custom programmed EPROM chips are just too inflexible and are no longer used for this purpose. The Syntor X, like some other great Motorola designs, has become obsolete. These radios are showing up at Hamfests and online auctions in large quantities at prices for pennies on the dollar. However, this obsolescence is due to the lack of control sophistication not the Syntor X’s excellent RF design. In order to ‘revive’ this great transceiver we needed to come up with an easy way to replace the aging control design with a more modern, microprocessor based system. To this end, our SynControl System was born.
The PIEXX SynControl System for the Syntor X transceiver is a extension to the system we developed for the Syntor transceiver. The new design takes over the functions of:
Because the SynXControl Board replaces the original Personality board, the custom Motorola power / signal connector is no longer used. The function of the old connector is replaced by a standard Molex style 9 pin connector for power and speaker connection, and a 8 pin modular jack that carries the signals for RS-232 communications, PTT, microphone and speaker audio. The SynXControl Board is a direct plug in replacement for the original equipment, installation is very easy and involves no hard wired interconnections. Since the transceiver can now be completely controlled through the 8 conductor RJ-45 cabling by way of an external PC, it is possible to remotely locate the Syntor from the control operator. Instead of running a long antenna cable to the radio, you can run a short antenna feed line to the radio and run a longer, inexpensive, control cable to the operating position. The Win9x software package, provided with the SynControl System, allows all of the flexibility of a modern transceiver with the ease of use of an on-screen virtual control panel, The operator can set radio frequencies, offsets, PL tones, memory location (with names), scan channels, view the signal level, set volume and squelch all from a remote PC. If you wish to use the SynControl without a PC, we have developed a channalized control head to take its place. Control head details appear at the end of this document.
The standard SynControl package, for the Syntor X transceiver, includes:
Hardware Installation:
SyntorX Transceiver, Before Installation of SynXControl
Required Tools:
If you are going to do an alignment of the rf section of the receiver, you will need the optional mixer board ($29), some rf cables, and a signal generator capable of generating a variable signal strength unmodulated carrier at 53.9 mHz.
Please read and understand all of the installation instructions before starting the installation.
Bottom of SyntorX before removing the bottom cover
Bottom of SyntorX after removing the bottom cover
SyntorX A Power Assembly mounted to the SynXControl Amplifier
SynXControl Amplifier Assembly Mounted in the Casting
J5 Cable Alignment
J1 Ribbon Cable Alignment, from Amplifier Board
Meter Lead Installation
Software Installation
The SynControl Software is intended for operation under the Windows 95/98 or Windows ME operating system. Install the software by placing the provided CD in your CDROM drive, press the Start Icon (usually in the lower left of your desktop), proceed up to and press the Run selection of the pop-up menu. In the open dialog box type:D:Setup
Where D is the drive designator for your CDROM drive After entering the command line press enter, and the system software will be loaded.
If the SynTalkPS Dialog Box doesn’t appear, read and perform the following tests…
If instead of the SynTalk dialog box, you get the error "Communications Error with the Syntor!!! Program Exiting.", then your computer is unable to establish serial communications with the SynControl System. Be certain that you are properly connected to the serial port specified when you installed the software, and that all cables are plugged in and that the transceiver has power applied. If you think you specified the wrong com port, you can manually select a specific port by editing the SynTalkPS.ini file located in the Windows Directory. If you double click the SynTalk.ini file, in the following path:
My Computer
C:
Program Files
Piexx
SynTalkPS
Program
SynTalkPS.ini
You will see the set-up parameters for the program. Under the category of [Communications] there is a line that reads Comm Port (1-8) =0, where the digit following the ‘=’ sign is the comport that the radio must be connected to. You can manually change this digit if necessary. If this digit is 0 then Comm ports 1-8 will be scanned to see if the Syntor is on one of them.
If the radio fails to communicate with the program, after you are sure that you have selected the correct com port, you will need to perform a loop-back check on the specified com port. Start Hyperterminal:
Start
Programs
Accessories
Hyperterminal (click it)
Double click the Hypetrm.exe icon. This will open the New Connection Description dialog box. Type SyntorX in the name field and press OK. Next, the Phone Number dialog box will appear, press the arrow to the right of the Connect using field. You may now select the appropriate Direct to Com for the port you are intending to use. Next press OK, the Comx Properties dialog box will appear. Select :
19200 Bits per second
8 Data bits
Parity None
1 Stop Bit
Flow Control None (this is very important!!)
With these selections made, press the OK button. You will se a blank window with the terminal cursor in the upper left corner of the screen. If you press the ‘?’ key, with the SynControl system functioning properly, a string similar to:
6520 6520 1 8 36 140 1 0 38 00 .
will appear; this is the Syntor reporting its various operating conditions. If the string does not appear, and it probably won’t or the SynTalkPS dialog would have come up in the first place, you will need to check the com port by doing a loop-back test. In this test you will be connecting the computers RS-232 xmit and receive lines together to make sure that the port can transmit data to and receive data from itself. Install a jumper connection, a metallic paper clip or jumper wire, between pins 2 and 3 on the DB serial connector on the back of your computer (you obviously will need to remove the cable to the SynControl system before you do this). Now, with the jumper installed, any character you type on your computer should show up in the HyperTerminal screen. If this doesn’t work, you will either need to have the serial port serviced or check the serial ports hardware configuration. If the loop-back test does not work on the port that you specified as the SynTalkPS com port, the SynTalkPS program will not work!!! Once you have completed tests with HyperTerminal, you must exit the HyperTerminal program before the SynTalk Program will work. Windows will not allow two programs to simultaneously access the same com port.
Radio Alignment
VHF Low Band- The V0 / V1 bits select 1 of 4 different VCO ranges
VHF High Band- V0 unchecked = receive VCO, checked = xmit VCO
In receive: V1 unchecked is low freq range, checked is high freq range
In Xmit: V1 checked is low freq range, unchecked is high freq range
UHF- V0 unchecked = receive VCO, checked = xmit VCO
V1 checked is low freq range, unchecked is high freq range
For all radios, the Inj. Hi bit, if checked, indicates that a high side RX injection frequency should be used. That is, the local oscillator is offset in frequency higher than the receive frequency by the 1st IF frequency, 53.9 mHz for VHF high band and UHF and 75.7 mHz for VHF low band transceivers.
The selection of these VCO parameters is allowed to vary over 3 frequency segments as selected by entering 2 discrete frequencies in the TX and RX section of the VCO Setup. Selecting the appropriate Range radio button in the Default group will automatically enter default values for these parameters. You may modify these default values manually before sending the data to the transceiver. The VCO parameters do not take effect until you press the Update button in the SyntorX Setup.
Select the appropriate VCO parameters for your transceiver and press the update button.
It is often unnecessary to align the front end of SyntorX transceivers.
As received, most of the VHF high band radios that I have received perform well in the 2 meter ham bands. However, I have come across some high band transceivers whose sensitivity falls off rapidly below 150 mHz. Try your transceiver before attempting a front end alignment, if the sensitivity is adequate in the 2 meter ham band, leave the front end alignment alone! If, however, the sensitivity falls off in the 2 meter band perform the following steps.VCO Buffer Board with its Cover Removed
Alignment Mixer Board
Alignment Mixer installed in the Radio
Spectral Display before Alignment
The Syntor X RF Alignment routine scans a band of frequencies from the start frequency for a specified number of 1 mHz steps. After each step, the S-Meter is read and its value is displayed in a bar graph mode. The red vertical bars on the display indicate 10 mHz boundaries. If you look at the preceding display, showing the receiver performance before alignment, it will be apparent that the sensitivity below 150 mHz is rather poor. RF alignment is accomplished by adjusting the 5 variable capacitor slugs in the preselector and the 3 variable capacitor slugs in the injection filter so that the passband covers the frequencies of interest and is flat. Below is a view of the spectrum after re-alignment of the receiver. As a starting point for alignment, the 7 rightmost adjustment screws tend to be adjusted to the bottom of their travel and the left most screw is approximately mid range.
Spectral Display after Alignment
Software operation
The operation of the SynTalkPS program is quite intuitive and we encourage you to experiment with its features. There are several points that need amplification as follows:
Setting Memory Channel Data:
To set a memory channel parameter, either press the Update button, while in the main SynTalkPS dialog, or double click the desired channel in the Regular Chanels list box. This will open the channel editor dialog.
Input the desired settings, frequency, PL tone, channel skip , desired offset and, in the channel name, any text comment you would like to attach to this memory. After setting these parameters press the Update button, this will save the parameters for the specified memory channel. There are two ways to exit the Channel Editor, by pressing the Update or Cancel buttons. If you exit by pressing the Cancel button, any changes that you have made will be ignored. If you exit by pressing the Update button, the changes will be written to both the radio and the channel file, by default named VHFFreq.fdt. It takes two or three seconds to update the radio and the file, so be patient.
Scanning Memory Channels:
Scanning memory channels can be accomplished by pressing the Scan button. When the SynTalkPS Program is in the scan mode, a green indicator will appear above the scan button. The scanning mode may be terminated by pressing most of the functions within the SynTalkPS Dialog Box, in particular, a second press of the Scan button. While the scan mode is in operation, channels will be consecutively accessed, unless its Skip flag is set, until a channel with a carrier is reached. Scanning will stop on an active channel until either the carrier drops on the channel or a Scan Hold on Signal time out is reached. The Scan Hold on Signal Time is a parameter that is defined in the SynTalkPS.ini file and by default is set to 5 seconds. If the scan stops on a channel that you do not want to monitor, you may press the Skip button. This will lock this channel from further scan access and scanning will resume. By pressing the Clr Skips button, all channels will be made available for monitoring in the scan mode, that is all skip flags will be cleared. The skip flag status of any channel is temporary unless you enter the Update mode and save the channel information by exiting from the Channel Manager Dialog via the Update button. If the file data is not recorded by this technique, the original memory channel data, along with channel skip flags, will be retrieved the next time the SynTalk Program is started. In addition the SynTalkPS program also allows for priority channel scanning. In order for a memory channel to be considered a priority channel, its information must be moved from the Regular channel list to the priority channel list. Do this by highlighting the desired channel and then pressing the <> button.
Note: The Win98 list animation mode adversely affects the speed of scanning and should be turned off. Press:
Start
Settings
Control Panel
Display Settings
Effects Tab
Then make sure that the box marked "Animate windows, menus and lists" is not checked off.
Setup Screen:
The Setup button is used to enter the Setup Syntor Dialog. From this dialog you can setup the transmit timeout timer, the signal meter zero and full scale settings and the power up default settings for frequency, volume squelch etc. You should have the parameters that you would like for the power up condition of the radio selected in the SynTalkPS main menu prior to pressing the Setup button. Once in the Setup Syntor Dialog, exiting by way of pressing the Save button will set the power up defaults of the transceiver to the current mode. If you wish to set the signal meter operating conditions, it is a good idea to set the zero value, by pressing the Set Zero button while in a no signal condition, before setting up full scale. To set full scale, input a signal that you wish to save as the full scale setting of the signal meter and press the Set Full Scale button. Good sources of this Full Scale signal would be a very strong local repeater or a signal generated by a nearby HT. The setup parameters will be saved in the SynControl boards non-volatile memory when you exit the Setup Syntor Dialog by pressing the Save button. If you exit by pressing the Cancel button, the parameters will not be saved but will be in effect until the next time you cycle the power to the SyntorX transceiver.
Band Select Jumpers:
JP4 and JP5 are used to select the desired operating band for the SynTalk upgrade. These jumpers are located near the meter connection terminal in the lower left corner of the SynTalk control board.
VHF JP4-Out JP5-Out
Low Band JP4-Out JP5-In
UHF JP4-In JP5-Out
Out indicates jumper pads cleared, In indicates jumper pads shorted.
8 Pin Modular Connector pin outs:
SynTalk Control Head
The Syntalk Control Head / Microphone is intended to allow operation of the Syntalk converted Syntor transceiver without the use of a dedicated computer. Although the control head is primarily intended for channelized operation, it is capable of the following operations:
Installation:
Installation of the SynTalk Control Head is very easy. There are two connectors on the bottom of the control head. The 1/8 mono jack is connected to the speaker circuit and you can use it for an extension speaker, although it is preferable to use the speaker connections on the 9 pin MOLEX connector on the SynTalk interface board. The 6 pin modular jack makes all other required connections. Use the provided cable, the 8 pin side goes to the SynTalk board, and the 6 pin side goes to the SynTalk Control head. Only the first 6 connections in the 8 pin connector need to be carried to the control head; keep this in mind if you decide to make your own modular cable.
Operation:
Even though the SynTalk Control head has only 6 buttons and a 2 digit display, it is capable of performing quite a few operations. These operations are explained in the order of their importance. It makes sense to master those operations at the top of this list before tackling the more complicated features. It is useful to know that:
Memory commands are numeric in both digits of the LCD display while VFO commands always have a letter in the LCDs left hand digit.
Upon initial power application to the SynTalk Control Head, the LCD display will show two dashes followed by either:
Obviously, the display will almost always show the operating frequency on initial power up. A frequency indication indicates that the SynTalk Control Head was able to communicate with the transceiver and determine its current operating parameters.
Mem / VFO Button:
The MEM / VFO button toggles the Control Head from the VFO mode to the Memory mode. All Memory mode operations display numeric values in both of the LCD digits, while VFO operations always display a letter in the left most LCD digit. As previously stated, the display will be in the VFO mode initially after application of power. If you press the Mem / VFO button to enter the Memory mode the display will show two dashes indicating that the control head doesn’t know which memory channel is currently selected.
Memory Mode Operations:
Pressing the Mode key will move the Control Head to its various operating modes. The mode key is cyclic, multiple presses of the keys will cycle the Control Head through each of its various operations. In the Memory mode, the allowed operations are Channel Selection, Volume or Squelch.
VFO Mode Operations:
Again, pressing the Mode key will move the Control Head to its various operating modes. When you enter the VFO mode, by pressing the Mem / VFO key, the allowed operations are Frequency, Tone or Offset selection.
F4 F6 F5 F2 F0 F(blank)
This display will be continuously repeated, the F(blank) being the key to the start of the end of the displayed number. Although this may seem to be a bit clumsy, the display is very easy to read with just a small amount of adjustment time by the operator! Pressing the Up key increases the frequency in 5 kHz increments while the Down key reduces the frequency a like amount. It is not necessary to wait for the display between subsequent presses of the Up or Down key. That is, if you want to increase the frequency by 15 kHz, press the Up button 3 times, the display will begin showing the new frequency.
t0 t8 t5 t
(blank)Pressing the Up or Down keys will change the transmit tone frequency. As with the frequency change command, you don’t have to wait for the display between subsequent presses of the Up and Down keys.
r0 r8 r5 t
(blank)Pressing the Up or Down keys will change the receive tone frequency. As with the frequency change command, you don’t have to wait for the display between subsequent presses of the Up and Down keys.
o- Transmit is offset lower in frequency
oP Transmit is offset higher in frequency
o0 Transmit and receive are operating on the same frequency
oX Transmit and receive are on different frequencies but not a standard offset.
Pressing the Up or Down keys will cycle between the various offset modes. The only exception to this is that it is not possible to re-enter the oX mode.
Changing a frequency, offset or tone is temporary.
If you leave the frequency mode and change to another channel and back you will be returned to the original channel settings. You can permanently update a channels settings by performing the following steps:Scan Operations:
The scan mode may be entered by pressing the scan button from either the VFO or Memory mode.
When you enter the scan mode the SynTalk Control Head will enter the memory mode and begin scanning the memory channels sequentially until an active channel is located. When an active channel is located the scan mode will wait approximately 5 seconds and then begin scanning again. The scanning sequence is terminated when any key is pressed, including the PTT key. The key that is pressed to terminate the scan operation will be ignored, except to stop the scan operation. So, if you use the PTT key to terminate the scan operation, the transceiver will not enter the transmit mode until the PTT key is released and then pressed again.Displaying Signal Strength:
The signal strength mode may be entered at any time by pressing, the releasing, the Mem/VFO and Mode key simultaneously (notice the S between these two keys).
When in the Signal Strength mode, the display will show values between 00 and 99 to indicate the relative signal strength of the currently received signal. The Signal Strength mode is terminated when any key is pressed, including the PTT key. The key that is pressed to terminate the signal strength mode will be ignored. So, if you use the PTT key to terminate the signal strength mode, the transceiver will not enter the transmit mode until the PTT key is released and then pressed again.Input Mode:
You can swap the transmit and receive frequencies, as well as swapping the offset direction, by simultaneously pressing, then releasing, the Up and Down keys (notice the In silk screened between these two keys). This mode is handy to see if you can hear someone on the input of a repeater or to communicate with someone if the repeater goes down. Repeat the process to return back to the normal mode. The input mode switches the SynTalk Control Head to the VFO frequency display mode.
Transferring Channel Data From the Computer:
The SynTalk Control Head may be used to transfer channel data between the computer and a remotely located computer. In order for the computer to communicate with the SynTalk Control Head, the control head must be connected to the same serial port used to communicate with the Syntor transceiver with the optional serial / power adapter.